1. Imiterere yinganda
1. Ubwinshi nubunini buto
Bitewe nibiranga ishoramari rito nigisubizo cyihuse mugukora amarangi, hamwe niterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu, imishinga yo mumijyi no mumidugudu, ibigo byigenga nibigo byamahanga byinjiye vuba muruganda.Nk’uko imibare iheruka ibigaragaza, inganda zirenga 8000 zo gutwikira mu gihugu zibanda cyane cyane mu ruzi rwa Yangtze Delta, Pearl River Delta na Bohai Rim.Muri byo, "ibirango by'amahanga" hamwe n’inganda nini zo mu gihugu zashyizwe mu isoko ku bicuruzwa biva hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, bikayobora isoko kandi bikayobora uburyo bwo gukoresha amarangi.Ibindi bigo byinshi byo mu gihugu bito n'ibiciriritse bitwikiriye cyane cyane bitanga ibicuruzwa byo hagati kandi byo mu rwego rwo hasi kandi biri mumasoko akurikira.
2. Inganda zirarushanwa cyane
3. Hariho itandukaniro runaka hagati yibirango byo murugo nibirango byo hanze
4. Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bidahagije hamwe nibicuruzwa birenze ubuziranenge
5. Ibisabwa byo gutwikira ntibigabanuka
2, Inganda za plastiki
Intangiriro y’ikibazo cy’amafaranga ihitana abantu benshi inganda za plastiki mu Bushinwa.Kwohereza mu mahanga ibikinisho bya pulasitike, uruhu rw’ubukorikori, gupakira, imigozi ya silike n’ibindi bicuruzwa bya pulasitike byagabanutse vuba, bituma hafungwa inganda nyinshi zikora plastike.Raporo y’inganda zo mu mwaka wa 2009 z’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa zerekana ko kimwe cya kane cy’amasosiyete ya plastiki atakaza amafaranga.Ibintu nyabyo birashoboka ko ari bibi cyane kuruta imibare.Kurugero, abakora PVC (polyvinyl chloride) batakaza amafaranga muruganda rwose.Hariho ibimenyetso bitandukanye byerekana ko inganda za plastiki mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe zihura n’ikizamini gikomeye.Niba binaniwe, ingaruka zizaba mbi.Muri byo, imbaraga za guverinoma n’inganda hamwe n’ikirango cyumvikana ni ngombwa.
Muri Kamena 2010, ibyavuye mu mishyikirano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye hagati y’Ubushinwa n’inama y’ubutwererane y’ikigobe i Riyadh, umurwa mukuru wa Arabiya Sawudite, byatumye amasosiyete menshi ya plastiki yoroherwa.Imishinga itanu mishya yo kubyara Ethylene igomba kubakwa ntabwo yashyizwe mubikorwa.
Byumvikane ko hazaba imishinga itanu mishya yo gutobora Ethylene mu burasirazuba bwo hagati mu 2009, cyane cyane kuri Ethylene ikorwa na Ethane.Nyuma yuko imishinga itanu minini ishyizwe mu bikorwa, ubushobozi bw’umwaka wa Ethylene mu burasirazuba bwo hagati buziyongera buva kuri toni miliyoni 16.9 muri 2008 bugere kuri toni miliyoni 28.1 muri 2012. Muri 2009, umusaruro wa Ethylene mu burasirazuba bwo hagati uziyongera 7.1 toni miliyoni, muri zo ubushobozi bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri Arabiya Sawudite buzarenga toni miliyoni 4 / umwaka, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora muri Irani buzarenga toni miliyoni / umwaka, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora muri Koweti buzaba toni 850.000 / ku mwaka, naho bushya ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri Qatar buziyongera.Toni 975.000 / umwaka.Iyi mishinga 5 yameneka ya Ethylene nintego zibanza gusa.Nyuma yo kugera ku ntego, kubera ingaruka z’ihungabana, ntabwo zashyizwe mu bikorwa, kandi nta tariki ntarengwa izashyirwa mu bikorwa.Kubwibyo, Ubushinwa bwatumijwe mu mahanga Ethylene ****** ntabwo bwagabanutse.Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bihenze mu burasirazuba bwo hagati biracyari inkota ya Damocles yimanitse ku masosiyete yo mu Bushinwa.
3. Inganda
inganda zimpapuro zigihugu cyanjye ziri mugihe cyiterambere ryihuse.Imibare uko imyaka yagiye ihita yerekana ko umusaruro w’impapuro namakarito mu gihugu cyanjye wagabanutse cyane ugereranije n’ibikoreshwa byose, kandi buri mwaka ikoreshwa ry’impapuro umuturage riba munsi cyane ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere ku isi.Muri iki gihe, iyo ubushobozi bwo gukora inganda zitunganya no gukora inganda zirenze urugero, inganda zikora impapuro nimwe mu nganda nkeya ziyongera kandi zikenewe, kandi ni inganda zisanzwe zikurura ibyifuzo.
Kuva mu 1997 kugeza 2010, birashobora kugaragara uhereye kugereranya umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwimpapuro zo murugo hamwe nimpapuro zikoreshwa buri mwaka n’umusaruro hamwe n’umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP ko umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoreshwa mu mpapuro n’impapuro n’umusaruro wahindutse cyane, kandi byombi bikomeza cyane urwego rwo hejuru.ibisa nkiterambere.Ugereranije n’ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu cyanjye, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’imikoreshereze y’umwaka n’umusaruro w’impapuro namakarito wari ku rwego rwo hejuru kuva mu 2002. Turashobora kuvuga ko inganda z’impapuro mu gihugu cyanjye ziri mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-28-2023