Ewebata:
N'ihe gbasara sayensị ihe.titanium dioxide(TiO2) apụtala dị ka ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ nke nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa.Ngwakọta a nwere ezigbo kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọ baa uru n'ọtụtụ ngalaba mmepụta ihe.Iji ghọta nke ọma àgwà ya pụrụ iche, a ga-amụrịrị usoro ihe owuwu na-adọrọ adọrọ nke titanium dioxide n'ime omimi.Na blọgụ blọgụ a, anyị ga-enyocha nhazi nke titanium dioxide ma mee ka a ghọta ihe bụ isi kpatara ihe ndị pụrụ iche kpatara ya.
1. Ọdịdị kristal:
Titanium dioxide nwere ihe owuwu kristal, nke a na-ekpebi n'ụzọ bụ isi site na nhazi ya pụrụ iche nke atọm.AgbanyeghịTiO2nwere usoro kristal atọ (anatase, rutile, na brookite), anyị ga-elekwasị anya n'ụdị abụọ a na-ahụkarị: rutile na anatase.
A. Rutile Ọdịdị:
A maara usoro rutile maka usoro kristal tetragonal ya, nke atom titanium ọ bụla gbara ya gburugburu isii ikuku oxygen, na-akpụ octahedron gbagọrọ agbagọ.Nhazi a na-etolite oyi akwa atomic nke nwere nhazi ikuku oxygen juru.Ihe owuwu a na-enye nkwụsi ike na ịdịte aka nke rutile, na-eme ka ọ dabara maka ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere agba, ceramik, na ọbụna anwụ.
B. Ọdịdị Anatase:
N'ihe banyere anatase, atom titanium na-ejikọta ya na ikuku oxygen ise, na-eme octahedrons nke na-ekerịta ọnụ.Ya mere, nhazi a na-ebute ihe owuwu mepere emepe nke nwere obere atom kwa otu olu ma e jiri ya tụnyere rutile.N'agbanyeghị njupụta ya dị ala, anatase na-egosipụta ọmarịcha fotocatalytic, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na sel anyanwụ, usoro nhicha ikuku na mkpuchi onwe ya.
2. Oghere eriri ike:
Oghere eriri ike bụ njirimara ọzọ dị mkpa nke TiO2 ma na-enye aka na njirimara ya pụrụ iche.Ọdịiche a na-ekpebi conductivity eletrik nke ihe na mmetụta ya na nnabata ọkụ.
A. Rutile band Ọdịdị:
Rutile TiO2nwere oghere dị warara dị warara nke ihe dịka 3.0 eV, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik.Otú ọ dị, usoro ihe owuwu ya nwere ike ịmịnye ọkụ ultraviolet (UV), na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka iji ihe nchebe UV dị ka ihe mkpuchi anwụ.
B. Anatase band Ọdịdị:
Anatase, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-egosiputa oghere bandwit sara mbara nke ihe dịka 3.2 eV.Njirimara a na-enye anatase TiO2 ọmarịcha ọrụ fotocatalytic.Mgbe ekpughere ya n'ìhè, ndị electrons na valence band na-enwe obi ụtọ ma na-awụba n'ime eriri conduction, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume oxidation dị iche iche na mbelata na-eme.Ngwongwo ndị a na-emeghe ụzọ maka ngwa dị ka nchacha mmiri na mmetọ ikuku.
3. Mmejọ na mgbanwe:
Nkenhazi nke Tio2ọ bụghị na-enweghị ntụpọ.Nrụrụ na mgbanwe ndị a na-emetụta nke ọma njiri anụ ahụ na kemịkal ha.
A. Oghere oxygen:
Nkwarụ n'ụdị ohere ikuku oxygen n'ime TiO2 lattice na-ewebata ntinye nke electrons na-enweghị njikọ, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọrụ catalytic na ịmepụta ebe agba.
B. Mgbanwe elu:
Mgbanwe elu nke a na-achịkwa, dị ka doping na ion mgbanwe metal ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ịrụ ọrụ na ogige organic, nwere ike ịkwalite ụfọdụ njirimara TiO2.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji ọla mee doping dị ka platinum nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ya, ebe otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ organic nwere ike ịkwalite nkwụsi ike na fotoactivity nke ihe ahụ.
Na ngwụcha:
Ịghọta usoro pụrụ iche nke Tio2 dị oke mkpa iji ghọta njirimara ya dị ịrịba ama na ọtụtụ ojiji eji eme ya.Ụdị kristal ọ bụla nke TiO2 nwere ihe pụrụ iche, site na nhazi tetragonal rutile ruo na oghere anatase na-arụ ọrụ fotocatalytically.Site n'inyocha oghere band ike na ntụpọ dị n'ime ihe, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịkwalite akụrụngwa ha maka ngwa sitere na usoro nchacha ruo n'iwe ike.Ka anyị na-aga n'ihu na-ekpughe ihe omimi nke titanium dioxide, ikike ya na mgbanwe mgbanwe mmepụta ihe ka na-ekwe nkwa.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 30-2023