1. Kūlana o ka ʻoihana pena
1. Ka nui a me ka unahi liilii
Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me nā hopena wikiwiki i ka hana pena, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni, nā ʻoihana kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale, nā ʻoihana pilikino a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i komo koke i ka ʻoihana pena.Wahi a nā helu helu hou loa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,000 mau ʻoihana uhi ʻia ma ka ʻāina i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia ma ka muliwai Yangtze Delta, Pearl River Delta a me Bohai Rim.Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā "mana haole" a me nā mea hana hale nui i ka mākeke no nā huahana waena a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe, e alakaʻi ana i ka mākeke a alakaʻi i ke ʻano hoʻohana pena.Nui nā ʻoihana ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hana nui i nā huahana uhi waena a haʻahaʻa a aia i ka mākeke ma hope o ke kūlana.
2. He hoʻokūkū nui ka ʻoihana
3. Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lama o ka ʻāina a me nā hōʻailona haole
4. ʻAʻole lawa nā huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o nā huahana haʻahaʻa
5. ʻAʻole e emi ka noi no nā uhi
2, ʻO ka ʻoihana plastik
ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka pilikia kālā ua aneane make i ka ʻoihana plastics Kina.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea pāʻani plastik, ka ʻili kūlohelohe, ka pahu, nā kaula silika a me nā huahana plastik ʻē aʻe ua emi wikiwiki, e alakaʻi ana i ka pani ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻoihana hana plastik.Hōʻike ka 2009 Plastics Industry Report of the China Plastics Industry Association i ka hapaha o nā hui plastics e nalowale ke kālā.ʻOi aku ka hewa o ke kūlana maoli ma mua o ka helu.No ka laʻana, ke nalowale nei nā mea hana PVC (polyvinyl chloride) i ke kālā ma ka ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa.Aia nā hōʻailona like ʻole e kū nei ka ʻoihana plastics o Kina i kahi hoʻokolohua nui.Inā hāʻule, e pōʻino nā hopena.I waena o lākou, he mea koʻikoʻi nā hana hui a ke aupuni a me nā ʻoihana a me kahi "hōʻailona" kūpono.
I ka mahina o Iune 2010, ua hoʻomaha ʻia nā hopena o ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ke kālepa manuahi ma waena o Kina a me ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā ʻo Gulf Cooperation ma Riyadh, ke kapikala o Saudi Arabia.ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo maoli ʻia nā papahana hana ethylene hou e kūkulu ʻia.
Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻelima mau papahana hoʻoheheʻe ethylene hou ma ka Hikina Waena i ka makahiki 2009, no ka ethylene i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina ethane.Ma hope o ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana o nā papahana nuiʻelima, e hoʻonuiʻia ka mana hana makahiki o ka ethylene ma Middle East mai ka 16.9 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2008 a hiki i ka 28.1 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2012. I ka makahiki 2009, e hoʻonuiʻia ka mana hana ethylene i ka Middle East e 7.1 miliona tons, kahi o ka mana hana hou ma Saudi Arabia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 miliona tons / makahiki, ʻo ka mana hana hou ma Iran e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona tons / makahiki, ʻo ka mana hana hou ma Kuwait he 850,000 tons / makahiki, a me ka mea hou. e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana ma Qatar.975,000 tona / makahiki.ʻO kēia mau papahana 5 ethylene cracking he mau manaʻo mua wale nō.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā manaʻo, ma muli o ka hopena o ka pilikia, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hana, a ʻaʻohe lā kikoʻī no ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai lākou.No laila, ʻaʻole i hāʻule iho ka ethylene ****** i lawe ʻia mai Kina.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā huahana plastik haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka Middle East ka pahi kaua a Damocles e kau ana ma luna o nā hui Kina.
3. ʻOihana pepa
ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka ʻoihana pepa o koʻu ʻāina.Hōʻike nā ʻikepili i nā makahiki he haʻahaʻa loa ka huina o ka pepa a me ka pahu pahu ma koʻu ʻāina ma mua o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pepa no kēlā me kēia kanaka ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ka honua.I kēia manawa i ka nui o ka nui o ka hana o ka ʻoihana hana a me ka ʻoihana hana, ʻo ka ʻoihana hana pepa kekahi o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi a me ka pōkole, a he ʻoihana huki koi maʻamau.
Mai 1997 a hiki i 2010, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka pepa home a me ka pepa pepa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka ulu ʻana o ka GDP e ulu nui ana ka ulu ʻana o ka pepa a me ka pepa pepa a me ka hana ʻana, a mālama ʻia nā mea ʻelua pae kiʻekiʻe.nā ʻano ulu like.Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka uluʻana o ka GDP o koʻu'āina,ʻo ka uluʻana o kaʻai makahiki a me ka hanaʻana i ka pepa a me ka pepa pahu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka makahiki 2002. Hiki ke'ōleloʻia aia kaʻoihana pepa o koʻu'āina i ka manawa o ka ulu wikiwiki.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-28-2023