Gabatarwa:
A fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki.titanium dioxide(TiO2) ya fito azaman fili mai ban sha'awa tare da aikace-aikace da yawa.Wannan fili yana da kyawawan kaddarorin sinadarai da na zahiri, yana mai da shi kima a sassan masana'antu da yawa.Domin samun cikakkiyar fahimtar halayensa na musamman, dole ne a yi nazarin tsarin ban sha'awa na titanium dioxide cikin zurfi.A cikin wannan shafin yanar gizon, za mu bincika tsarin titanium dioxide da kuma ba da haske a kan ainihin dalilan da ke bayan kaddarorinsa na musamman.
1. Tsarin Crystal:
Titanium dioxide yana da tsarin crystal, wanda aka ƙaddara da farko ta hanyar tsari na musamman na atom.Ko da yakeTiO2yana da matakai uku na crystalline (anatase, rutile, da brookite), za mu mayar da hankali kan nau'i biyu na yau da kullum: rutile da anatase.
A. Rutile Tsarin:
An san lokacin rutile don tsarin kristal tetragonal, wanda kowane atom na titanium yana kewaye da kwayoyin oxygen guda shida, yana samar da octahedron murdade.Wannan tsari yana samar da babban Layer atomic tare da tsarin iskar oxygen na kusa.Wannan tsarin yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na musamman da dorewa, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da fenti, yumbu, har ma da hasken rana.
B. Tsarin Anatase:
A cikin yanayin anatase, atom ɗin titanium suna da alaƙa da atom ɗin oxygen guda biyar, suna yin octahedrons waɗanda ke raba gefuna.Saboda haka, wannan tsari yana haifar da ƙarin buɗaɗɗen tsari tare da ƙarancin atom a kowace juzu'i idan aka kwatanta da rutile.Duk da ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, anatase yana nuna kyawawan kaddarorin photocatalytic, yana mai da shi muhimmin sashi a cikin sel na hasken rana, tsarin tsarkakewa na iska da suturar tsaftacewa.
2. Energy band tazarar:
Ratar band ɗin makamashi wani muhimmin sifa ne na TiO2 kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga kaddarorin sa na musamman.Wannan tazarin yana ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kayan da azancinsa ga ɗaukar haske.
A. Rutile band tsarin:
Farashin TiO2yana da ƙunƙun tazarar bandeji kusan 3.0 eV, yana mai da shi ƙayyadadden jagorar lantarki.Koyaya, tsarin band ɗin sa na iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet (UV), yana mai da shi manufa don amfani a cikin masu kare UV kamar hasken rana.
B. Tsarin band Anatase:
Anatase, a gefe guda, yana nuna tazarar bandeji mai faɗi kusan 3.2 eV.Wannan yanayin yana ba da anatase TiO2 kyakkyawan aikin photocatalytic.Lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa haske, electrons a cikin bandungiyar valence suna jin daɗi kuma suna tsalle cikin rukunin gudanarwa, suna haifar da haɓakar iskar oxygen da raguwa iri-iri.Waɗannan kaddarorin suna buɗe kofa ga aikace-aikace kamar tsabtace ruwa da rage gurɓataccen iska.
3. Lalacewa da Gyara:
Thetsarin Tio2ba mara lahani ba.Waɗannan lahani da gyare-gyare suna tasiri sosai a jikinsu da sinadarai.
A. Oxygen guraben:
Rashin lahani a cikin nau'in guraben oxygen a cikin TiO2 lattice yana gabatar da ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin electrons marasa daidaituwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙara yawan aikin catalytic da samuwar cibiyoyin launi.
B. Gyaran sararin sama:
Sarrafa gyare-gyaren saman, kamar doping tare da sauran ions karfen canji ko aiki tare da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta, na iya ƙara haɓaka wasu kaddarorin TiO2.Misali, doping tare da karafa irin su platinum na iya inganta aikin sa na motsa jiki, yayin da kungiyoyin aikin kwayoyin halitta na iya inganta daidaiton kayan da kuma daukar hoto.
A ƙarshe:
Fahimtar ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin Tio2 yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar kyawawan kaddarorin sa da fa'idodin amfani.Kowane nau'in crystalline na TiO2 yana da kaddarori na musamman, daga tsarin rutile na tetragonal zuwa buɗe, lokacin anatase mai aiki da hoto.Ta hanyar binciko gibi da lahani a cikin kayan, masana kimiyya na iya ƙara haɓaka kaddarorin su don aikace-aikacen da suka kama daga dabarun tsarkakewa zuwa girbin makamashi.Yayin da muke ci gaba da tona asirin titanium dioxide, yuwuwar sa a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu ya kasance mai ban sha'awa.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-30-2023